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Total costs = fixed costs + (unit variable cost × number of units) Total revenue = sales price × number of unit These are linear because of the assumptions of constant costs and prices, and there is no distinction between units produced and units sold, as these are assumed to be equal.
Profit maximization using the total revenue and total cost curves of a perfect competitor. To obtain the profit maximizing output quantity, we start by recognizing that profit is equal to total revenue minus total cost (). Given a table of costs and revenues at each quantity, we can either compute equations or plot the data directly on a graph.
Price and total revenue have a negative relationship when demand is elastic (price elasticity > 1), which means that increases in price will lead to decreases in total revenue. Price changes will not affect total revenue when the demand is unit elastic (price elasticity = 1). Maximum total revenue is achieved where the elasticity of demand is 1.
The long-run marginal cost (LRMC) curve shows for each unit of output the added total cost incurred in the long run, that is, the conceptual period when all factors of production are variable. Stated otherwise, LRMC is the minimum increase in total cost associated with an increase of one unit of output when all inputs are variable. [6]
The total cost, total revenue, and fixed cost curves can each be constructed with simple formula. For example, the total revenue curve is simply the product of selling price times quantity for each output quantity. The data used in these formula come either from accounting records or from various estimation techniques such as regression analysis.
To verify a unit margin ($): Selling price per unit = Unit margin + Cost per Unit To verify a margin (%): Cost as % of sales = 100% − Margin % "When considering multiple products with different revenues and costs, we can calculate overall margin (%) on either of two bases: Total revenue and total costs for all products, or the dollar-weighted ...
In economics, average cost (AC) or unit cost is equal to total cost (TC) divided by the number of units of a good produced (the output Q): A C = T C Q . {\displaystyle AC={\frac {TC}{Q}}.} Average cost is an important factor in determining how businesses will choose to price their products.
Total revenue, the product price times the quantity of the product demanded, can be represented at an initial point by a rectangle with corners at the following four points on the demand graph: price (P 1), quantity demanded (Q 1), point A on the demand curve, and the origin (the intersection of the price axis and the quantity axis).