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Română: Modelul standard al particulelor fundamentale: 12 fermioni (6 cuarcuri și 6 leptoni) la care se adaugă tot atâtea antiparticule corespondente și 12 particule de etalonare (bosoni), și anume 3 bosoni vector slabi (W +, W-și Z 0), 8 gluoni (diferențiați de sarcina color) și 1 foton.
A composite particle proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark, which are elementary particles.. In physics, a subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom. [1]
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. [1] The Standard Model presently recognizes seventeen distinct particles—twelve fermions and five bosons.
Arc welders need to protect themselves from welding sparks, which are heated metal particles that fly off the welding surface.. In the physical sciences, a particle (or corpuscule in older texts) is a small localized object which can be described by several physical or chemical properties, such as volume, density, or mass.
The name boson was coined by Paul Dirac [3] [4] to commemorate the contribution of Satyendra Nath Bose, an Indian physicist. When Bose was a reader (later professor) at the University of Dhaka, Bengal (now in Bangladesh), [5] [6] he and Albert Einstein developed the theory characterising such particles, now known as Bose–Einstein statistics and Bose–Einstein condensate.
The subatomic scale is the domain of physical size that encompasses objects smaller than an atom.It is the scale at which the atomic constituents, such as the nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and the electrons in their orbitals, become apparent.
The idea that all matter is composed of elementary particles dates to as far as the 6th century BCE. [1] The Jains in ancient India were the earliest to advocate the particular nature of material objects between 9th and 5th century BCE.
Alpha particles, also called alpha rays or alpha radiation, consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus. [5] They are generally produced in the process of alpha decay but may also be produced in different ways.