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In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted i, called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation =; every complex number can be expressed in the form +, where a and b are real numbers.
The imaginary unit i in the complex plane: Real numbers are conventionally drawn on the horizontal axis, and imaginary numbers on the vertical axis.. The imaginary unit or unit imaginary number (i) is a mathematical constant that is a solution to the quadratic equation x 2 + 1 = 0.
An imaginary number is the product of a real number and the imaginary unit i, [note 1] which is defined by its property i 2 = −1. [1] [2] The square of an imaginary number bi is −b 2. For example, 5i is an imaginary number, and its square is −25. The number zero is considered to be both real and imaginary. [3]
Algebraic number: Any number that is the root of a non-zero polynomial with rational coefficients. Transcendental number: Any real or complex number that is not algebraic. Examples include e and π. Trigonometric number: Any number that is the sine or cosine of a rational multiple of π.
To change this template's initial visibility, the |state= parameter may be used: {{Complex numbers | state = collapsed}} will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar. {{Complex numbers | state = expanded}} will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.
In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, if a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} are real numbers, then the complex conjugate of a + b i {\displaystyle a+bi} is a − b i . {\displaystyle a-bi.}
The complex numbers contain a number i, the imaginary unit, with i 2 = −1, i.e., i is a square root of −1. Every complex number can be represented in the form x + iy, where x and y are real numbers called the real part and the imaginary part of the complex number respectively.
Mathematical analysis → Complex analysis: Complex analysis; Complex numbers; Real number; Imaginary number; Complex plane; Complex conjugate; Unit complex number; Complex functions; Complex-valued function; Analytic function; Holomorphic function; Cauchy–Riemann equations; Formal power series; Basic theory; Zeros and poles; Cauchy's ...
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