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Data communication, including data transmission and data reception, is the transfer of data, transmitted and received over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires , optical fibers , wireless communication using radio spectrum , storage media and computer buses .
The Two Generals' Problem appears often as an introduction to the more general Byzantine Generals problem in introductory classes about computer networking (particularly with regard to the Transmission Control Protocol, where it shows that TCP cannot guarantee state consistency between endpoints and why this is the case), though it applies to ...
The model can be a linear or non-linear, time-continuous or time-discrete (sampled), memoryless or dynamic (resulting in burst errors), time-invariant or time-variant (also resulting in burst errors), baseband, passband (RF signal model), real-valued or complex-valued signal model. The model may reflect the following channel impairments:
In telecommunications, node-to-node data transfer [1] is the movement of data from one node of a network to the next. In the OSI model it is handled by the lowest two layers, the data link layer and the physical layer. In most communication systems, the transmitting point applies source coding, [2] followed by channel coding, and lastly, line ...
A bundle of optical fibers A TOSLINK fiber optic audio cable with red light shone in one end. An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light [a] from one end to the other.
Transmission of a digital message, or of a digitized analog signal, is known as data transmission. Examples of transmission are the sending of signals with limited duration, for example, a block or packet of data, a phone call, or an email.
[2] [12] They include the analysis of new media, such as the internet, computer animations, and video games. [15] Lasswell's model is also utilized in pedagogical settings to teach students the major elements of the communication process and as a starting point for developing hypotheses.
Linear transmission model [9] Linear transmission models describe communication as a one-way process. In it, a sender intentionally conveys a message to a receiver. The reception of the message is the endpoint of this process. Since there is no feedback loop, the sender may not know whether the message reached its intended destination.