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An echinoderm (/ ɪ ˈ k aɪ n ə ˌ d ɜːr m, ˈ ɛ k ə-/) [2] is any animal of the phylum Echinodermata (/ ɪ ˌ k aɪ n oʊ ˈ d ɜːr m ə t ə /), which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies". [3]
Brittle stars, serpent stars, or ophiuroids (from Latin ophiurus 'brittle star'; from Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis) 'serpent' and οὐρά (ourá) 'tail'; referring to the serpent-like arms of the brittle star) are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea, closely related to starfish. They crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms ...
Nevertheless, this makes sea urchin the class of echinoderms living the least deep, compared to brittle stars, starfish and crinoids that remain abundant below 8,000 m (26,250 ft) and sea cucumbers which have been recorded from 10,687 m (35,100 ft). [42]
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The sea urchin is the first animal with a sequenced genome that (1) is a free-living, motile marine invertebrate; (2) has a bilaterally organized embryo but a radial adult body plan; (3) has the endoskeleton and water vascular system found only in echinoderms; and (4) has a nonadaptive immune system that is unique in the enormous complexity of ...
These are very particular stars, plump and pillow-shaped, more or less pentagonal. Their five arms have waned to only obtuse angles (and sometimes rounded off or truncated).
Astrophyton muricatum, the giant basket star, is an echinoderm found in shallow parts of the tropical western Atlantic and throughout the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. [1] It is the only species in the genus Astrophyton. [2] During the day, it curls up into a tight ball shape to protect itself from predators.
It can move at the rate of 40 cm (16 in) per minute, which is fast for a starfish. Juvenile M. aequalis often congregate among the tubes of Phyllochaetopterus prolifica, a tube-dwelling worm, [4] [5] and research in Washington state has shown that the larvae are highly selective in where they settle, exclusively choosing to do so on these tubes ...