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The pK a values of an amino acid side chain in solution is typically inferred from the pK a values of model compounds (compounds that are similar to the side chains of amino acids). See Amino acid for the pK a values of all amino acid side chains inferred in such a way. There are also numerous experimental studies that have yielded such values ...
The Van Slyke determination is a chemical test for the determination of amino acids containing a primary amine group. It is named after the biochemist Donald Dexter Van Slyke (1883-1971). [1] One of Van Slyke's first professional achievements was the quantification of amino acids by the Van Slyke determination reaction. [2]
The higher the proton affinity, the stronger the base and the weaker the conjugate acid in the gas phase.The (reportedly) strongest known base is the ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion (E pa = 1843 kJ/mol), [3] followed by the methanide anion (E pa = 1743 kJ/mol) and the hydride ion (E pa = 1675 kJ/mol), [4] making methane the weakest proton acid [5] in the gas phase, followed by dihydrogen.
Also, amino acid side chain affinity for water was measured using vapor phases. [14] Vapor phases represent the simplest non polar phases, because it has no interaction with the solute. [ 18 ] The hydration potential and its correlation to the appearance of amino acids on the surface of proteins was studied by Wolfenden.
Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. [1] It works on almost any kind of charged molecule—including small inorganic anions, [2] large proteins, [3] small nucleotides, [4] and amino acids.
Glycine (symbol Gly or G; [6] / ˈ ɡ l aɪ s iː n / ⓘ) [7] is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid. Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. It is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG). [8]
Proteins that have high hydrophobic amino acid content on the surface have low solubility in an aqueous solvent. Charged and polar surface residues interact with ionic groups in the solvent and increase the solubility of a protein. Knowledge of a protein's amino acid composition will aid in determining an ideal precipitation solvent and methods.
Often general acid or base catalysis is employed to activate nucleophile and/or electrophile groups, or to stabilize leaving groups. Many amino acids with acidic or basic groups are this employed in the active site, such as the glutamic and aspartic acid, histidine, cystine, tyrosine, lysine and arginine, as well as serine and threonine.
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