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The FRA also adopted regulations that authorized railroads to administer breath and urine drug tests to employees who violated safety rules. The Railway Labor Executives' Association , an umbrella group of railway trade unions , sued to have the regulations declared an unconstitutional violation of the Fourth Amendment to the United States ...
For example, in Railway Executives, the need to discover the cause of railway accidents justified the drug testing, and in Acton it was the need to promote a drug-free school environment. In this case, however, the very reason for the policy was to use the threat of arrest to motivate the women to abstain from using cocaine.
The protocol of the random drug testing program the district initiated was straightforward. All student athletes would be required to submit to the program as a condition of participating in athletics. All athletes were tested at the beginning of the season, and 10% of the athletes were selected randomly every week to provide a urine sample.
In one of South Florida’s biggest healthcare fraud cases, an osteopathic physician approved medically unnecessary urine tests and treatment for patients suffering from alcohol and drug addiction ...
More than two years later, on Dec. 1, 2022, Kue filed a lawsuit in federal court in Grand Rapids alleging an illegal search and seizure, malicious prosecution, and due process violations.
An FBI analyst who failed a fitness test by one pushup claims in a federal lawsuit filed in Chicago last week that the test is biased against FBI Fitness Test Is Biased Against Men, Lawsuit Claims ...
Board of Education v. Earls, 536 U.S. 822 (2002), was a case by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held, 5–4, that it does not violate the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution for public schools to conduct mandatory drug testing on students participating in extracurricular activities.
Urine drug testing is one of the most common testing methods used. The enzyme-multiplied immune test is the most frequently used urinalysis. Complaints have been made about the relatively high rates of false positives using this test. [18] Urine drug tests screen the urine for the presence of a parent drug or its metabolites.