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Nitroprusside is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na 2 [Fe(CN) 5 NO], usually encountered as the dihydrate, Na 2 [Fe(CN) 5 NO]·2H 2 O. [47] This red-colored sodium salt dissolves in water or ethanol to give solutions containing the free complex dianion [Fe(CN) 5 NO] 2−. Nitroprusside is a complex anion that features an ...
Three different forms of nitroglycerin: intravenous, sublingual spray, and the nitroglycerin patch. Nitroglycerin is used for the treatment of angina, acute myocardial infarction, severe hypertension, and acute coronary artery spasms. [1] [12] It may be administered intravenously, as a sublingual spray, or as a patch applied to the skin.
For quick action in the treatment of angina, glyceryl trinitrate is used in form of a sublingual spray (nitro spray) or as soft capsules to be crunched. [ 4 ] Nitroprusside is used intravenously for the treatment of hypertensive crises , heart failure , and lowering of blood pressure during surgery.
Nitroglycerin (NG) (alternative spelling nitroglycerine), also known as trinitroglycerol (TNG), nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a dense, colorless or pale yellow, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester.
Mechanism of action [ edit ] Nitric oxide is a cell signaling molecule produced by many cells of the body, and growing evidence suggests that the biological actions of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may, in part, be mediated through its ability to regulate the production and/or release of nitric oxide. [ 82 ]
First-pass metabolism may occur in the liver (for propranolol, lidocaine, clomethiazole, and nitroglycerin) or in the gut (for benzylpenicillin and insulin). [4] The four primary systems that affect the first pass effect of a drug are the enzymes of the gastrointestinal lumen, [5] gastrointestinal wall enzymes, [6] [7] [8] bacterial enzymes [5] and hepatic enzymes.
The general structure of a cardiac glycoside consists of a steroid molecule attached to a sugar and an R group. [4] The steroid nucleus consists of four fused rings to which other functional groups such as methyl, hydroxyl, and aldehyde groups can be attached to influence the overall molecule's biological activity. [4]
Its mechanism of action and clinical effects closely resemble those of nifedipine and the other dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (amlodipine, felodipine), except that nicardipine is more selective for cerebral and coronary blood vessels. It is primarily a peripheral arterial vasodilator, thus unlike the nitrovasodilators (nitroglycerin ...
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