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Java theory and practice: Fixing the Java Memory Model, part 1 - An article describing problems with the original Java memory model. Java theory and practice: Fixing the Java Memory Model, part 2 - Explains the changes JSR 133 made to the Java memory model. Java Memory Model Pragmatics (transcript) The Java Memory Model links; Java internal ...
For example, the Rust programming language implements a borrow checker to ensure memory safety, [12] while C and C++ provide no memory safety guarantees. The substantial amount of software written in C and C++ has motivated the development of external static analysis tools like Coverity , which offers static memory analysis for C. [ 13 ]
If the computer runs out of both memory and swap space, the OS might automatically reboot — or even worse hang. [15] Programs written in programming languages that use a garbage collector (e.g. Java) are less prone to memory leaks, since memory that is no longer referenced will be freed up by the garbage collector. This however does not mean ...
Another approach to preventing stack buffer overflow exploitation is to enforce a memory policy on the stack memory region that disallows execution from the stack (W^X, "Write XOR Execute"). This means that in order to execute shellcode from the stack an attacker must either find a way to disable the execution protection from memory, or find a ...
If this overwrites adjacent data or executable code, this may result in erratic program behavior, including memory access errors, incorrect results, and crashes. Exploiting the behavior of a buffer overflow is a well-known security exploit. On many systems, the memory layout of a program, or the system as a whole, is well defined.
A memory leak may also happen when an object is stored in memory but cannot be accessed by the running code (i.e. unreachable memory). [2] A memory leak has symptoms similar to a number of other problems and generally can only be diagnosed by a programmer with access to the program's source code.
A null pointer is usually represented as a pointer to address 0 in the address space; many operating systems set up the MMU to indicate that the page that contains that address is not in memory, and do not include that page in the virtual address space, so that attempts to read or write the memory referenced by a null pointer get an invalid ...
Reference counting is also among the simplest forms of memory management to implement. It also allows for effective management of non-memory resources such as operating system objects, which are often much scarcer than memory (tracing garbage collection systems use finalizers for this, [citation needed] but the delayed reclamation may cause ...