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The term cytokeratin began to be used in the late 1970s, when the protein subunits of keratin intermediate filaments inside cells were first being identified and characterized. [2] In 2006 a new systematic nomenclature for mammalian keratins was created, and the proteins previously called cytokeratins are simply called keratins (human ...
Keratin 14 was the first type I keratin sequence determined. [5] Keratin 14 is also known as cytokeratin-14 (CK-14) or keratin-14 (KRT14). In humans it is encoded by the KRT14 gene. [6] [7] [8] Keratin 14 is usually found as a heterodimer with type II keratin 5 and form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells.
The antibody cocktail binds to cytokeratin 1 - 8, 10, 14 - 16 and 19 (but not CK17 or CK18). [1] It is therefore used as a marker of carcinomas, such as depth of invasion and metastases. [ 1 ] For example, it is both relatively sensitive and specific for detection of breast cancer metastasis to sentinel lymph nodes .
34βE12, often written as 34betaE12 and also known as CK34βE12 and keratin 903 (CK903), is an antibody specific for high molecular weight cytokeratins 1, 5, 10 and 14. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is sometimes, less precisely, referred to as high-molecular weight keratin ( HMWK ) and high-molecular weight cytokeratin ( HMWCK ).
At each stage of differentiation, keratinocytes express specific keratins, such as keratin 1, keratin 5, keratin 10, and keratin 14, but also other markers such as involucrin, loricrin, transglutaminase, filaggrin, and caspase 14.
Produces antibody molecules [14] [4] Plasma cell: Lymphocyte: B cell: Plasma B cells; Effector B cells; Plasmocytus; 8-10 Active B cells that produces large amounts of antibodies [4] [15] Memory B cell: Lymphocyte: B cell: MBC; 8-10 Memorizes the characteristics of the antigens; Triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response [4 ...
It works in two ways, first by disrupting cell membranes and mitochondria resulting cell death, and then by inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to eliminate remaining tumor cells. [60] A 3-day treatment course with the 0.015% gel is recommended for the scalp and face, while a 2-day treatment course with the 0.05% gel is ...
Immunoperoxidase is a type of immunostain used in molecular biology, medical research, and clinical diagnostics.In particular, immunoperoxidase reactions refer to a sub-class of immunohistochemical or immunocytochemical procedures in which the antibodies are visualized via a peroxidase-catalyzed reaction.