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The basic mechanisms of evolution are applied directly or indirectly to come up with novel designs or solve problems that are difficult to solve otherwise. The research generated in these applied fields, contribute towards progress, especially from work on evolution in computer science and engineering fields such as mechanical engineering. [5]
Professor of biology Jerry Coyne sums up biological evolution succinctly: [3]. Life on Earth evolved gradually beginning with one primitive species – perhaps a self-replicating molecule – that lived more than 3.5 billion years ago; it then branched out over time, throwing off many new and diverse species; and the mechanism for most (but not all) of evolutionary change is natural selection.
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
Project MUSE is a provider of digital humanities and social science content for the scholarly community. MUSE provides full-text versions of scholarly journals and books. Subscription Project MUSE, Johns Hopkins University Press [117] PsycINFO: Psychology: The largest resource devoted to peer-reviewed literature in behavioral science and mental ...
Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century. When Charles Darwin published his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, his theory of evolution (the idea that species arose through descent with modification from a single common ancestor in a process driven by natural selection) initially met opposition from scientists with different ...
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. [1] [2] It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. [3]
[6] [7] [8] Koonin's research also investigates computational study of the major transitions in the evolution of life, such as the origin of eukaryotes, [9] the evolution of eukaryotic signaling and developmental pathways from the comparative-genomic perspective. [10] Koonin is an advocate of the extended evolutionary synthesis. [11]
The Lala Lab is primarily focused on animal social learning, innovation, and intelligence, [12] as well as human evolution, particularly the evolution of cognition and culture. [13] Their work lies at the interdisciplinary interface of evolutionary biology, animal behavior, ecology, and psychology.