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The sheet of paper represents a plane in the spacetime continuum, and the two points represent a distance to be traveled, but theoretically, a wormhole could connect these two points by folding that plane (i.e. the paper) so the points are touching. In this way, it would be much easier to traverse the distance since the two points are now ...
Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity between them (special relativity), or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations (general relativity). When unspecified, "time dilation" usually refers to the effect due to velocity.
Fig 4–2. Relativistic time dilation, as depicted in a single Loedel spacetime diagram. Both observers consider the clock of the other as running slower. Relativistic time dilation refers to the fact that a clock (indicating its proper time in its rest frame) that moves relative to an observer is observed to run slower. The situation is ...
This combines the effects of time dilation due to motion (by factor α = 0.6, five years on Earth are 3 years on ship) and the effect of increasing light-time-delay (which grows from 0 to 4 years). Of course, the observed frequency of the transmission is also 1 ⁄ 3 the frequency of the transmitter (a reduction in frequency; "red-shifted").
Relation between the speed and the Lorentz factor γ (and hence the time dilation of moving clocks). Time dilation as predicted by special relativity is often verified by means of particle lifetime experiments. According to special relativity, the rate of a clock C traveling between two synchronized laboratory clocks A and B, as seen by a ...
Gravitational time dilation is a form of time dilation, an actual difference of elapsed time between two events, as measured by observers situated at varying distances from a gravitating mass. The lower the gravitational potential (the closer the clock is to the source of gravitation), the slower time passes, speeding up as the gravitational ...
Length contraction can also be derived from time dilation, [34] according to which the rate of a single "moving" clock (indicating its proper time) is lower with respect to two synchronized "resting" clocks (indicating ). Time dilation was experimentally confirmed multiple times, and is represented by the relation:
These curves must fall within a cone defined by light-like curves. In our definition above: world lines are time-like curves in spacetime. space-like curves falling outside the light cone. Such curves may describe, for example, the length of a physical object. The circumference of a cylinder and the length of a rod are space-like curves.