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  2. Boxing (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_(computer_programming)

    However, the compiler automatically transforms the code so that the list will "silently" receive objects, while the source code only mentions primitive values. For example, the programmer can now write list. add (3) and think as if the int 3 were added to the list; but, the compiler will have actually transformed the line into list. add (new ...

  3. Comparison of programming languages (associative array)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    In modern JavaScript it's considered bad form to use the Array type as an associative array. Consensus is that the Object type and Map/WeakMap classes are best for this purpose. The reasoning behind this is that if Array is extended via prototype and Object is kept pristine, for and for-in loops will work as expected on associative 'arrays'.

  4. ArkTS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArkTS

    ArkTS was designed to be safe and friendly to new programmers while not sacrificing speed. By default ArkTS manages all memory automatically and ensures variables are always initialized before use. Array accesses are checked for out-of-bounds errors and integer operations are checked for overflow. Parameter names allow for the creation of clear ...

  5. Lisp (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)

    A Lisp list is written with its elements separated by whitespace, and surrounded by parentheses. For example, (1 2 foo) is a list whose elements are the three atoms 1, 2, and foo. These values are implicitly typed: they are respectively two integers and a Lisp-specific data type called a "symbol", and do not have to be declared as such.

  6. Kotlin (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programming_language)

    Static objects and functions can be defined at the top level of the package without needing a redundant class level. For compatibility with Java, Kotlin provides a JvmName annotation which specifies a class name used when the package is viewed from a Java project. For example, @file:JvmName("JavaClassName").

  7. Dynamic array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_array

    In computer science, a dynamic array, growable array, resizable array, dynamic table, mutable array, or array list is a random access, variable-size list data structure that allows elements to be added or removed. It is supplied with standard libraries in many modern mainstream programming languages.

  8. Covariance and contravariance (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance_and_contra...

    Mutable data types which act as both sources and sinks should be invariant. To illustrate this general phenomenon, consider the array type. For the type Animal we can make the type Animal [], which is an "array of animals". For the purposes of this example, this array supports both reading and writing elements.

  9. Python (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)

    list: mutable List, can contain mixed types [4.0, 'string', True] [] types.NoneType: immutable An object representing the absence of a value, often called null in other languages None: types.NotImplementedType: immutable A placeholder that can be returned from overloaded operators to indicate unsupported operand types. NotImplemented: range ...