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In particular, this reaction occurs in sodium hypochlorite solutions at high temperatures, forming sodium chlorate and sodium chloride: [22] [23] 3 NaOCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq) + NaClO 3 (aq) This reaction is exploited in the industrial production of sodium chlorate. An alternative decomposition of hypochlorite produces oxygen instead: 2 OCl − ...
The Olin Raschig process is a chemical process for the production of hydrazine.The main steps in this process, patented by German chemist Friedrich Raschig in 1906 and one of three reactions named after him, are the formation of monochloramine from ammonia and hypochlorite, and the subsequent reaction of monochloramine with ammonia towards hydrazine. [1]
Inorganic chloramines are produced by the reaction of ammonia and hypochlorous acid or chlorine. An urban legend claims that mixing household bleach (aqueous sodium hypochlorite) with ammonia-based cleaners releases chlorine gas or mustard gas; in reality, the gas produced by the reaction is a mixture of inorganic chloramines.
Hypochlorite salts are formed by the reaction between chlorine and alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxides. The reaction is performed at close to room temperature to suppress the formation of chlorates. This process is widely used for the industrial production of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO) 2).
In dilute aqueous solution, chloramine is prepared by the reaction of ammonia with sodium hypochlorite: [5] NH 3 + NaOCl → NH 2 Cl + NaOH. This reaction is also the first step of the Olin Raschig process for hydrazine synthesis. The reaction has to be carried out in a slightly alkaline medium (pH 8.5–11).
This is the mechanism of bleaches based on chlorine but also of oxygen-anions which react through the initial nucleophilic attack. [12] A reducing bleach works by converting double bonds in the chromophore into single bonds. This eliminates the ability of the chromophore to absorb visible light. This is the mechanism of bleaches based on sulfur ...
For example, the label of a household bleach product may specify "5% sodium hypochlorite by weight." That would mean that 1 kilogram of the product contains 0.05 × 1000 g = 50 g of NaClO. A typical oxidation reaction is the conversion of iodide I − to elemental iodine I 2. The relevant reactions are NaClO + 2 H + + 2 I − → NaCl + H 2 O ...
That is, energy is added to sodium chloride (table salt) in water, producing sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen gas. Because the reaction takes place in an unpartitioned cell and NaOH is present in the same solution as the Cl 2: 2 NaCl + 2 H 2 O → 2 NaOH + H 2 + Cl 2. any Cl 2 disproportionates to hypochlorite and chloride Cl 2 + 2 NaOH → ...