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Turn-taking is a type of organization in conversation and discourse where participants speak one at a time in alternating turns. In practice, it involves processes for constructing contributions, responding to previous comments, and transitioning to a different speaker, using a variety of linguistic and non-linguistic cues.
A turn construction unit (TCU) is the fundamental segment of speech in a conversation, as analysed in conversation analysis.. The idea was introduced in "A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation" by Harvey Sacks, Emanuel Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson in 1974. [1]
The analysis of turn-taking started with the description in a model in the paper known as the Simplest Systematics, [7] which was very programmatic for the field of Conversation analysis and one of the most cited papers published in the journal Language. [13]
Along with Sacks and Schegloff, Jefferson is also known for her studies of turn-taking in conversation. [4] While working with Sacks, Jefferson’s contribution to the study of Conversation Analysis was particularly significant at the time, as Conversation Analysis was not only a new field in sociology but also indicated the beginning of the ...
Adjacency pairs are most commonly found in what Schegloff and Sacks described as a "single conversation," a unit of communication in which a single person speaks and a second person replies to the first speaker's utterance. While the turn-taking mechanism of single conversation uses silence to indicate that the next speaker's turn may begin ...
Conversation analysis often treats the stance of one turn as making another display of a stance relevant, and reacting appropriately to a display of stance (such as matching the emotion) is said to achieve affiliation between the interactants. [7]
The turn-taking section, while containing the foundation for most of the key elements of turn-taking, has ample room for improvement regarding the level of detail, citations, and accuracy.
Schegloff became a member of the Sociological Research Association in 1990 and was declared "Outstanding Scholar of the Year" by the Language and Social Interaction Division of the International Communication Association in 1995. [1] In 2010, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Sociological Association. [1]