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Rifaximin, sold under the brand name Xifaxan among others, is a non-absorbable, broad-spectrum antibiotic mainly used to treat travelers' diarrhea. It is based on the rifamycin antibiotics family. Since its approval in Italy in 1987, it has been licensed in more than 30 countries for the treatment of a variety of non-infectius gastrointestinal ...
A number of Rho kinase inhibitors are known. [15] [16] [17]Chemical structure of fasudil. AT-13148 [18]; BA-210; β-ElemeneBelumosudil; Chroman 1 [19] [20]; DJ4, which is a selective multi-specific ATP competitive inhibitor of activity of ROCK1 (IC50 of 5 nM), ROCK2 (IC50 of 50 nM), MRCKα (IC50 of 10 nM) and MRCKβ (IC50 of 100 nM) kinases without affecting activity of PAK1 and DMPK at 5 μM ...
Phalloidin prevents filaments from polymerizing by binding between subunits in F-actin and locking them together. The presence of phalloidin in a cell paralyzes it, killing the cell. [2] Phallotoxins have been isolated from A. phalloides, a type of mushroom, and have been involved in fatal cases of mushroom poisoning. The liver and kidneys of ...
The two mouse ROCK isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, have high homology.They have 65% amino acid sequences in common and 92% homology within their kinase domains. [1] [4]ROCKs are homologous to other metazoan kinases such as myotonic dystrophy kinase (), DMPK-related cell division control protein 42 ()-binding kinases (MRCK) and citron kinase.
Antagonists will block the binding of an agonist at a receptor molecule, inhibiting the signal produced by a receptor–agonist coupling.. A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
Cyclophosphamide (CP), also known as cytophosphane among other names, [3] is a medication used as chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system. [4] As chemotherapy it is used to treat lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, and sarcoma. [4]
TopII is necessary for cell proliferation and is abundant in cancer cells, which make TopoII inhibitors effective anti-cancer treatments. [ 2 ] [ 23 ] In addition, some inhibitors, such as quinolones , fluoroquinolones and coumarins , are specific only to bacterial type 2 topoisomerases ( TopoIV and gyrase ), making them effective antibiotics.
Because cancer cells spend more time dividing than other cells, inhibiting cell division harms tumor cells more than other cells. Antimetabolite drugs are commonly used to treat leukemia, cancers of the breast, ovary, and the gastrointestinal tract, as well as other types of cancers. [ 4 ]