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Slave traders preferred captive Native Americans who were under 18 years old, as they were believed to be more easily trained to new work. [30] In the Illinois Country, French colonists baptized the Native American slaves whom they bought for labor. [30] They believed it essential to convert Native Americans to Catholicism. [30]
Native Americans were rewarded if they returned people who had escaped from slavery, and African-Americans were rewarded for fighting in the late 19th-century Indian Wars. [24] [31] [32] Africans held in slavery replaced Native American enslavement and eventually many Native Americans were pushed off their land and forced to move westward.
Native American slaves were in the households of many prominent New Mexicans, including the governor and Kit Carson. [90] [91] Black slaves, in contrast, were vanishingly rare. [92] The Compromise of 1850 allowed New Mexico to choose its own stance on slavery, and in 1859, it was formally legalized. [93]
This colony did not survive, so it is not clear if it exported any slaves. Native Americans were enslaved by the Spanish in Florida under the encomienda system. [10] [11] New England and the Carolinas captured Native Americans in wars and distributed them as slaves. [12] Native Americans captured and enslaved some early European explorers and ...
Many slaves took advantage of the disruption of war to escape from their plantations to British lines or to fade into the general population. Upon their first sight of British vessels, thousands of slaves in Maryland and Virginia fled from their owners. [43]: 21 Throughout the South, losses of slaves were high, with many due to escapes. [44]
Contemporary illustration of the 1868 Washita massacre by the 7th Cavalry against Black Kettle's band of Cheyenne, during the American Indian Wars.Violence and conflict with colonists were also important causes of the decline of certain Indigenous American populations since the 16th century.
Stacker compiled a list of 19 influential Indigenous Americans you might not know about using various news articles and historical sources.
By 1860 in some areas of the South, where race was considered binary of black (mostly enslaved) or white, white legislators thought the Native Americans no longer qualified as "Native American," as many were mixed and part black. They did not recognized that many mixed-race Native Americans identified as Indian by culture and family.