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2. Euler's formula - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_formula

   v. t. e. Euler's formula, named after Leonhard Euler, is a mathematical formula in complex analysis that establishes the fundamental relationship between the trigonometric functions and the complex exponential function. Euler's formula states that, for any real number x, one has where e is the base of the natural logarithm, i is the imaginary ...

3. Exponential function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function

   Exponential functions with bases 2 and 1/2. The exponential function is a mathematical function denoted by () = ⁡ or (where the argument x is written as an exponent).Unless otherwise specified, the term generally refers to the positive-valued function of a real variable, although it can be extended to the complex numbers or generalized to other mathematical objects like matrices or Lie algebras.

4. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

   Each curve passes through the point (0, 1) because any nonzero number raised to the power of 0 is 1. At x = 1, the value of y equals the base because any number raised to the power of 1 is the number itself. In mathematics, exponentiation is an operation involving two numbers: the base and the exponent or power.

5. Euler's identity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_identity

   In mathematics, Euler's identity[note 1] (also known as Euler's equation) is the equality where. is pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Euler's identity is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. It is a special case of Euler's formula when evaluated for .

6. Order of operations - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

   In mathematics and computer programming, the order of operations is a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression. These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedence, and an operation with a ...

7. Maxwell's equations - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell's_equations

   Maxwell's equations, or Maxwell–Heaviside equations, are a set of coupled partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, electric and magnetic circuits. The equations provide a mathematical model for electric, optical, and radio technologies, such ...

8. Tetration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration

   In mathematics, tetration (or hyper-4) is an operation based on iterated, or repeated, exponentiation. There is no standard notation for tetration, though Knuth's up arrow notation ↑ ↑ {\displaystyle \uparrow \uparrow } and the left-exponent x b are common.

9. Power rule - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_rule

   Calculus. In calculus, the power rule is used to differentiate functions of the form , whenever is a real number. Since differentiation is a linear operation on the space of differentiable functions, polynomials can also be differentiated using this rule. The power rule underlies the Taylor series as it relates a power series with a function's ...