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Acyclic aliphatic/non-aromatic compound Cyclic aliphatic/non-aromatic compound (cyclobutane)In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (/ ˌ æ l ɪ ˈ f æ t ɪ k /; G. aleiphar, fat, oil).
Heteroarenes are aromatic compounds, where at least one methine or vinylene (-C= or -CH=CH-) group is replaced by a heteroatom: oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. [3] Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one ...
alkenes (olefins): aliphatic hydrocarbons that contain one or more double bonds, i.e. di-olefins (dienes) or poly-olefins. alkynes (acetylenes): aliphatic hydrocarbons which have one or more triple bonds. The rest of the group is classified according to the functional groups present. Such compounds can be "straight-chain", branched-chain or cyclic.
There are 6 π electrons, so furan is aromatic. Aromatic molecules typically display enhanced chemical stability, compared to similar non-aromatic molecules. A molecule that can be aromatic will tend to alter its electronic or conformational structure to be in this situation. This extra stability changes the chemistry of the molecule.
For aliphatic compounds this is sometimes called the Finkelstein reaction, while for aromatic compounds it is known as the Halex process. R 3 CCl + MF → R 3 CF + MCl (M = Na, K, Cs) Alkyl monofluorides can be obtained from alcohols and Olah reagent (pyridinium fluoride) or another fluoridating agents.
In electrophilic substitution in aromatic compounds, an atom appended to the aromatic ring, usually hydrogen, is replaced by an electrophile. The most important reactions of this type that take place are aromatic nitration, aromatic halogenation, aromatic sulfonation and acylation and alkylating Friedel-Crafts reactions. It further consists of ...
Nitro compounds participate in several organic reactions, the most important being reduction of nitro compounds to the corresponding amines: RNO 2 + 3 H 2 → RNH 2 + 2 H 2 O. Virtually all aromatic amines (e.g. aniline) are derived from nitroaromatics through such catalytic hydrogenation.
Even when compounds only contain elements with less intense isotope peaks (carbon or oxygen), the distribution of these peaks can be used to assign the spectrum to the correct compound. For example, two compounds with identical mass of 150 Da, C 8 H 12 N 3 + and C 9 H 10 O 2 + , will have two different M+2 intensities which makes it possible to ...
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