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The set time can be tailored to help the physician safely apply the bone cement into the bone bed to either anchor metal or plastic prosthetic device to bone or used alone in the spine to treat osteoporotic compression fractures. Bone cement heats up during the exothermic free-radical polymerization process, which reaches temperatures of around ...
Concrete fracture analysis is part of fracture mechanics that studies crack propagation and related failure modes in concrete. [17] As it is widely used in construction, fracture analysis and modes of reinforcement are an important part of the study of concrete, and different concretes are characterized in part by their fracture properties. [ 18 ]
Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks. All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). [1]
A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra. It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra (compare with burst fracture ). This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta , lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors , [ 1 ] or infection. [ 2 ]
For fragmentary bone fractures, bridging plates can be used to hold the bone in place when there are no anchor points at the fracture point. Bridging can allow for relative stability along the bone, while not disturbing the bone fragments. [6] Buttress Buttress plates, or concave plates, are useful for fractures along concave surfaces.
Delamination of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer under compression load. Delamination is a mode of failure where a material fractures into layers. A variety of materials, including laminate composites [1] and concrete, can fail by delamination.
MICP has been shown to prolong concrete service life due to calcium carbonate precipitation. The calcium carbonate heals the concrete by solidifying on the cracked concrete surface, mimicking the process by which bone fractures in human body are healed by osteoblast cells that mineralize to reform the bone. [36]
The risk of new fractures following these procedures does not appear to be changed; however, evidence is limited, [17] and an increase risk as of 2012 is not ruled out. [25] Pulmonary cement embolism is reported to occur in approximately 2-26% of procedures. [26] It may occur with or without symptoms. [26]