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Science and technology in the Soviet Union served as an important part of national politics, practices, and identity. From the time of Lenin until the dissolution of the USSR in the early 1990s, both science and technology were intimately linked to the ideology and practical functioning of the Soviet state and were pursued along paths both ...
The history of computing in the Soviet Union began in the late 1940s, [1] when the country began to develop its Small Electronic Calculating Machine (MESM) at the Kiev Institute of Electrotechnology in Feofaniya. [2] Initial ideological opposition to cybernetics in the Soviet Union was overcome by a Khrushchev era policy that encouraged ...
Nuclear technology in the Soviet Union (8 C, 44 P) O. Scientific organizations based in the Soviet Union (4 C, ...
The objective of the project, which was also known as Ryad ('series'), was to create a general purpose computer for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. [21] Initially announced as a Soviet venture in 1967, in 1969 it became an international project, involving Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary and Poland. [ 21 ]
Space historian Asif Siddiqi, whose book Challenge to Apollo: the Soviet Union and the space race, 1945–1974 was rated by The Wall Street Journal as one of the best works on space exploration, [64] takes a more balanced approach by acknowledging Nazi Germany rocket technology and involvement of German scientists and engineers was an essential ...
On October 4, 1957, the USSR launched Sputnik 1 into orbit and received transmissions from it. [86] Sputnik 1 was designed to be the forerunner for multiple satellite missions. The technology constantly underwent upgrades as the weight of satellites increased. The first notable failure occurred during Sputnik 4, an unmanned test of the Vostok ...
Naukograd (Russian: наукогра́д, IPA: [nəʊkɐˈgrat], also technopole), meaning "science city", is a formal term for towns with high concentrations of research and development facilities in Russia and the Soviet Union, some specifically built by the Soviet Union for these purposes.
Operation Osoaviakhim was a secret Soviet operation in which more than 2,500 German specialists (scientists, engineers and technicians who worked in several areas) from companies and institutions relevant to military and economic policy in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany (SBZ) and Berlin, as well as around 4,000 more family members, totalling more than 6,000 people, were taken from ...