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Puberty is considered delayed when the child has not begun puberty when two standard deviations or about 95% of children from similar backgrounds have. [7] [8] [9]In North American girls, puberty is considered delayed when breast development has not begun by age 13, when they have not started menstruating by age 15, [2] and when there is no increased growth rate. [8]
Constitutional delay of puberty is not due to a pathologic cause. It is considered a variant of the timeline of puberty. [ 24 ] Although more common in boys, girls with delayed puberty present with onset of secondary sexual characteristics after the age of 14, as well as menarche after the age of 16. [ 25 ]
One possible cause of a delay in the onset of puberty past the age 14 in females and 15 in males is Kallmann syndrome, a form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Kallmann syndrome is also associated with a lack of sense of smell . Kallmann syndrome and other forms of HH affect both men and women.
Black children of low socioeconomic status are starting their periods earlier than the average age, and it takes more time for their menstrual cycles to become regular, according to a new report ...
Affected children also face shorter adult height potential and possible lifelong health risks. Central precocious puberty can be treated by suppressing the pituitary hormones that induce sex steroid production. The opposite condition is delayed puberty. [2] [3]
Mechanical detection of suckling increases prolactin levels in the body to increase milk synthesis. Excess prolactin may inhibit the menstrual cycle directly, by a suppressive effect on the ovary, or indirectly, by decreasing the release of GnRH. [2] Suckling is a pivotal factor in maintaining lactational amenorrhea postpartum.
In the United States, some public schools have a sex education program that teaches girls about menstruation and what to expect at the onset of menarche (often this takes place during the fourth grade). Historically menstruation has been a social taboo and girls were taught about menarche and menstruation by their mothers or a female role model.
Dysmenorrhea, also known as period pain, painful periods or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. [4] [5] [2] Its usual onset occurs around the time that menstruation begins. [1] Symptoms typically last less than three days. [1] The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen. [1] Other symptoms may include back pain, diarrhea or ...