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Blood squirt (blood spurt, blood spray, blood gush, or blood jet) is a projectile expulsion of blood when an artery is ruptured. Blood pressure causes the blood to bleed out at a rapid, intermittent rate in a spray or jet, coinciding with the pulse, rather than the slower, but steady flow of venous bleeding.
External bleeding is generally described in terms of the origin of the blood flow by vessel type. The basic categories of external bleeding are: Arterial bleeding: As the name suggests, blood flow originating in an artery. With this type of bleeding, the blood is typically bright red to yellowish in colour, due to the high degree of oxygenation.
Symptoms classically affect a leg and typically develop over hours or days, [20] though they can develop suddenly or over a matter of weeks. [21] The legs are primarily affected, with 4–10% of DVT occurring in the arms. [11] Despite the signs and symptoms being highly variable, [5] the typical symptoms are pain, swelling, and redness.
Arterial thrombosis is the formation of a thrombus within an artery. In most cases, arterial thrombosis follows rupture of atheroma (a fat-rich deposit in the blood vessel wall), and is therefore referred to as atherothrombosis. Arterial embolism occurs when clots then migrate downstream and can affect any organ. [12]
As a result of this blockage, blood flow in the vessel stops—a condition called thromboembolism. [ 1 ] Thromboembolism is a condition in which a blood clot ( thrombus ) breaks off from its original site and travels through the bloodstream (as an embolus ) to obstruct a blood vessel, causing tissue ischemia and organ damage.
Possible complications of arterial embolism depend on the site of the obstruction: In the heart it can cause myocardial infarction [2] In the brain, it can cause a transient ischemic attack (TIA), [2] and, in prolonged blood obstruction, stroke. [2] Blockage of arteries that supply arms or legs may result in necrosis and gangrene [1]
An embolism in which the embolus is a piece of thrombus is called a thromboembolism. An embolism is usually a pathological event, caused by illness or injury. Sometimes it is created intentionally for a therapeutic reason, such as to stop bleeding or to kill a cancerous tumor by stopping its blood supply. Such therapy is called embolization.
A thrombus (pl. thrombi), colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis. There are two components to a thrombus: aggregated platelets and red blood cells that form a plug, and a mesh of cross-linked fibrin protein. The substance making up a thrombus is sometimes called cruor.