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The welfare state in Britain : a political history since 1945 (1993) online; Jones, Margaret, and Rodney Lowe, eds. From Beveridge to Blair: the first fifty years of Britain's welfare state 1948–98 (Manchester UP, 2002). online; Laybourn Keith. The Evolution of British Social Policy and the Welfare State, c. 1800–1993 (Keele University ...
The State of Welfare: The economics of social spending (2nd ed, Oxford UP, 1998) summary; Halévy, Elie. History of the English People: The Rule of Democracy, 1905–1914 (1934), online; highly detailed political history. Harris, Bernard. The origins of the British welfare state: social welfare in England and Wales, 1800–1945 (Palgrave, 2004).
These tables are lists of social welfare spending as a percentage of GDP compiled by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") into the OECD Social Expenditure Database which "includes reliable and internationally comparable statistics on public and mandatory and voluntary private social expenditure at programme level." [1]
Since 1991, Europe has saved €1.8 trillion ($1.9 trillion) as a result of lower defense spending — a so-called “peace dividend” — allowing an expansion in European welfare states “to a ...
Social expenditure as % of GDP (). A welfare state is a form of government in which the state (or a well-established network of social institutions) protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizens, based upon the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for citizens unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions ...
The origins of the British welfare state: social welfare in England and Wales, 1800–1945 (Palgrave, 2004). Häusermann, Silja, Georg Picot, and Dominik Geering. "Review article: Rethinking party politics and the welfare state–recent advances in the literature." British Journal of Political Science 43#1 (2013): 221–240. online; Hawkins, Alun.
When Britain emerged victorious from the Second World War, the Labour Party under Clement Attlee came to power and created a comprehensive welfare state, with the establishment of the National Health Service giving free healthcare to all British citizens, and other reforms to benefits.
As part of the UK government's spending review (March 1998), [5] a paper New Ambitions for our Country: A New Contract for Welfare (1998) announced plans to increase efficiency ("streamline") in the administration of benefits from policy of social welfare, plans subsequently adopted as the "single gateway to benefits".