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Cancer in adolescents and young adults is cancer which occurs in those between the ages of 15 and 39. [1] This occurs in about 70,000 people a year in the United States—accounting for about 5 percent of cancers. This is about six times the number of cancers diagnosed in children ages 0–14. [1]
Adolescent and young adult oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients aged 16–40. Studies have continuously shown that while pediatric cancer survival rates have gone up, the survival rate for adolescents and young adults has remained stagnant.
The National Pediatric Cancer Foundation focuses on finding less toxic and more effective treatments for pediatric cancers. This foundation works with 24 different hospitals across the US in search of treatments effective in practice. [75] Childhood Cancer International is the largest global pediatric cancer foundation.
Cancer DALYs attributable to 11 Level 2 risk factors globally in 2019. [128] Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease cancer risk. [129] The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors. Many of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices. Thus, cancer is generally preventable. [130]
This category includes pediatric cancers, (including benign neoplasms) in fetuses, infants, children, teens, and young adults. Note that most pediatric cancers are also rare cancers: see Category:Rare cancers .
Recent estimates place the incidence of the disease at approximately 4.5 case per 1 million children/adolescents with approximately 250 new cases in the United States each year. [ 45 ] [ 44 ] With the vast majority of cases of RMS occurring in children or adolescents, two-thirds of reported cases occur in youths under the age of 10. [ 5 ]
The most common form childhood leukemia is acute lymphocytic (or lymphoblastic) leukemia (ALL), which makes up 75-80% of childhood leukemia diagnoses. [7] [2] ALL is a form of leukemia that affects lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells which fights infection.
The Children's Oncology Group (COG), a clinical trials group supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), is the world's largest organization devoted exclusively to pediatric cancer research. [1] The COG conducts a spectrum of clinical research and translational research trials for infants, children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer.