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In programming, a file uniform resource identifier (URI) scheme is a specific format of URI, used to specifically identify a file on a host computer. While URIs can be used to identify anything, there is specific syntax associated with identifying files.
URI schemes registered with the IANA, both provisional and fully approved, are listed in its registry for Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Schemes. These include well known ones like: file - File URI scheme; ftp – File Transfer Protocol; http – Hypertext Transfer Protocol; https – Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
The data URI scheme is a uniform resource identifier (URI) scheme that provides a way to include data in-line in Web pages as if they were external resources. It is a form of file literal or here document .
A URI has a scheme that refers to a specification for assigning identifiers within that scheme. As such, the URI syntax is a federated and extensible naming system wherein each scheme's specification may further restrict the syntax and semantics of identifiers using that scheme. The URI generic syntax is a superset of the syntax of all URI schemes.
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A Uniform Resource Name (URN) is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that uses the urn scheme.URNs are globally unique persistent identifiers assigned within defined namespaces so they will be available for a long period of time, even after the resource which they identify ceases to exist or becomes unavailable. [1]
ASCII code points that are invalid URI characters may be encoded the same way, depending on implementation. [ 6 ] This conversion is easily reversible; by definition, converting an IRI to an URI and back again will yield an IRI that is semantically equivalent to the original IRI, even though it may differ in exact representation.
Most URI schemes involve the representation of arbitrary data, such as an IP address or file system path, as components of a URI. URI scheme specifications should, but often do not, provide an explicit mapping between URI characters and all possible data values being represented by those characters.