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Five genicular arteries branch from the popliteal artery to form a network around the knee, the genicular anastomosis. The anastomosis provides collateral circulation in the event of damage to the region. [1] Inferior or distal to the origin of the descending genicular artery are two superior genicular arteries: Medial superior genicular artery
The patellar tendon attaches the anterior quadriceps muscles to the tibia via the knee cap. [11] Intense knee pain is usually the presenting symptom that occurs during activities such as running, jumping, lifting things, squatting, and especially ascending or descending stairs and during kneeling. [12] The pain is worse with acute knee impact.
The patellar network (circulatory anastomosis around the knee-joint, patellar anastomosis, genicular anastomosis, articular vascular network of knee [1] or rete articulare genus [2]) is an intricate network of blood vessels around and above the patella, and on the contiguous ends of the femur and tibia, forming a superficial and a deep plexus.
The popliteal artery is a deeply placed continuation of the femoral artery opening in the distal portion of the adductor magnus muscle.It courses through the popliteal fossa and ends at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, where it branches into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
The pain is generally in the front of the knee and comes on gradually. [2] [4] Pain may worsen with sitting down with a bent knee for long periods of time, excessive use, or climbing and descending stairs. [1] [5] While the exact cause is unclear, it is believed to be due to overuse.
The descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery runs downward, behind the rectus femoris, upon the vastus lateralis, to which it gives offsets; one long branch descends in the muscle as far as the knee, and anastomoses with the superior lateral genicular artery.
The kneecap is prone to injury because of its particularly exposed location, and fractures of the patella commonly occur as a consequence of direct trauma onto the knee. These fractures usually cause swelling and pain in the region, bleeding into the joint (hemarthrosis), and an inability to extend the knee. Patella fractures are usually ...
A patellar dislocation typically occurs when the knee is straight and the lower leg is bent outwards when twisting. [1] [2] Occasionally, it occurs when the knee is bent and the patella is struck directly. [1] Commonly associated sports include soccer, gymnastics, and ice hockey. [2] Dislocations nearly always occur away from the midline. [2]