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In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a point with rational coordinates (i.e., a point whose coordinates are rational numbers); a rational matrix is a matrix of rational numbers; a rational polynomial may be a polynomial with rational ...
All integers are rational, but there are rational numbers that are not integers, such as −2/9. Real numbers (): Numbers that correspond to points along a line. They can be positive, negative, or zero. All rational numbers are real, but the converse is not true. Irrational numbers (): Real numbers that are not rational.
The square root of 2 (approximately 1.4142) is the positive real number that, when multiplied by itself or squared, equals the number 2. It may be written in mathematics as 2 {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}} or 2 1 / 2 {\displaystyle 2^{1/2}} .
In mathematics, the notion of number has been extended over the centuries to include zero (0), [3] negative numbers, [4] rational numbers such as one half (), real numbers such as the square root of 2 and π, [5] and complex numbers [6] which extend the real numbers with a square root of −1 (and its combinations with real numbers by adding or ...
In mathematics, a dyadic rational or binary rational is a number that can be expressed as a fraction whose denominator is a power of two. For example, 1/2, 3/2, and 3/8 are dyadic rationals, but 1/3 is not. These numbers are important in computer science because they are the only ones with finite binary representations. Dyadic rationals also ...
A list of articles about numbers (not about numerals). Topics include powers of ten, notable integers, prime and cardinal numbers, and the myriad system.
Because rational numbers have degree 1, we must have n ≤ 2 or φ(n) = 2 and therefore the only possibilities are n = 1,2,3,4,6. Next, he proved a corresponding result for the sine using the trigonometric identity sin(θ) = cos(θ − π/2). [4] In 1956, Niven extended Lehmer's result to the other trigonometric functions. [2]
Likewise, tan 3 π / 16 , tan 7 π / 16 , tan 11 π / 16 , and tan 15 π / 16 satisfy the irreducible polynomial x 4 − 4x 3 − 6x 2 + 4x + 1 = 0, and so are conjugate algebraic integers. This is the equivalent of angles which, when measured in degrees, have rational numbers. [2] Some but not all irrational ...