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Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a fungus which causes anthracnose, or black spot disease, of the common bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris).It is considered a hemibiotrophic pathogen because it spends part of its infection cycle as a biotroph, living off of the host but not harming it, and the other part as a necrotroph, killing and obtaining nutrients from the host tissues.
Gummy stem blight is a cucurbit-rot disease caused by the fungal plant pathogen Didymella bryoniae (anamorph Phoma cucurbitacearum). [1] Gummy stem blight can affect a host at any stage of growth in its development and affects all parts of the host including leaves, stems and fruits. [1]
White mold affects a wide range of hosts and causes sclerotinia stem rot. It is known to infect 408 plant species. As a nonspecific plant pathogen, [2] diverse host range and ability to infect plants at any stage of growth makes white mold a serious disease. The fungus can survive on infected tissues, in the soil, and on living plants.
This disease affects strawberry plant foliage causing purple spots 1 ⁄ 8 to 1 ⁄ 4 in (3.2 to 6.4 mm) in diameter across on the upper side of the leaves. [3] At first, the whole spot is purple but as the disease matures the center of the leaf spots on older leaves become tan or gray, then almost white.
Small black dots may form beneath the epidermis of the lower stem and in the taproot, giving the stems and roots a charcoal-sprinkled appearance. [8] When the epidermis is removed, small and black microsclerotia (a sign of the disease) may be so numerous that they give a greyish-black tint to the plant tissue. [ 8 ]
The fungus grows as mycelium which penetrates successive leaf sheaths throughout the growing season. High humidity, cool, and damp weather at the soil surface favours disease development. [1] [2] Whilst dry and hot weather causes the leaf sheaths of the plant to dry and fall off, taking the inoculum with it, thus lessening disease.
A sign of black dot disease is black microsclerotia that are produced by the pathogen, and can be found on the roots, the tuber, the stems, and the leaves. [3] This can be used to diagnose black dot. Symptoms of black dot disease include silvery lesions on the surface of the tuber, brown or black lesions on the leaves, leaf wilting, and ...
Gibberella zeae, also known by the name of its anamorph Fusarium graminearum, is a fungal plant pathogen which causes fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease on wheat and barley. [1] The pathogen is responsible for billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year. [ 2 ]