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The correct term for those pieces is "fragments” (nicknamed “splinters” or “shards”). [1] Preformed fragments can be of various shapes (spheres, cubes, rods, etc.) and sizes and are normally held rigidly within some form of matrix or body until the high explosive (HE) filling is detonated.
The Spall and Maryak approach applies when the shot data represent a mixture of different projectile characteristics (e.g., shots from multiple munitions types or from multiple locations directed at one target).
The standard model projectile is a "fictitious projectile" used as the mathematical basis for the calculation of actual projectile's trajectory when an initial velocity is known. The G1 model projectile adopted is in dimensionless measures of 2 caliber radius ogival-head and 3.28 caliber in length.
For Reynolds numbers below about 1 the dependence is linear, above 1000 (turbulent flow) it becomes quadratic. In air, which has a kinematic viscosity η / ρ {\displaystyle \eta /\rho } around 0.15 cm 2 /s, this means that the drag force becomes quadratic in v when the product of object speed and diameter is more than about 0.015 m 2 /s, which ...
Bullet parts: 1 metal jacket, 2 lead core, 3 steel penetrator. Terminal ballistics is a sub-field of ballistics concerned with the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits and transfers its energy to a target. Bullet design (as well as the velocity of impact) largely determines the effectiveness of penetration. [1]
The interaction between projectile (fragments) and target media is however a complex subject. A study regarding hunting bullets shows that besides sectional density several other parameters determine bullet penetration. [5] [6] [7] If all other factors are equal, the projectile with the greatest amount of sectional density will penetrate the ...
In mathematics, projective geometry is the study of geometric properties that are invariant with respect to projective transformations.This means that, compared to elementary Euclidean geometry, projective geometry has a different setting (projective space) and a selective set of basic geometric concepts.
While the projective linear group of the projective line is 3-transitive (any three distinct points can be mapped to any other three points), and indeed simply 3-transitive (there is a unique projective map taking any triple to another triple), with the cross ratio thus being the unique projective invariant of a set of four points, there are ...