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Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR), also known as percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI), is the replacement of the pulmonary valve via catheterization through a vein. It is a significantly less invasive procedure in comparison to open heart surgery and is commonly used to treat conditions such as pulmonary atresia .
Vascular resistance is the resistance that must be overcome for blood to flow through the circulatory system.The resistance offered by the systemic circulation is known as the systemic vascular resistance or may sometimes be called by another term total peripheral resistance, while the resistance caused by the pulmonary circulation is known as the pulmonary vascular resistance.
Venous return (VR) is the flow of blood back to the heart. Under steady-state conditions, venous return must equal cardiac output (Q), when averaged over time because the cardiovascular system is essentially a closed loop. Otherwise, blood would accumulate in either the systemic or pulmonary circulations.
If H i is 0.40 one must remove at least 7.5 units of blood during ANH, resulting in an H m of 0.20 to save two units equivalence. Clearly, the greater the H i and the greater the number of units removed during hemodilution, the more effective ANH is for preventing homologous blood transfusion.
TPR may refer to: Businesses and organisations. The Pensions Regulator, UK; The Princeton Review, a US educational company; ... 7 languages ...
A vein from the leg is removed and grafted to the coronary artery to bypass a blockage at LAD. Coronary artery bypass surgery during mobilization (freeing) of the right coronary artery from its surrounding adipose tissue (yellow). The tube visible at the bottom is the aortic cannula, which returns blood from the heart–lung machine.
August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Critical closing pressure is the internal pressure at which a blood vessel collapses and closes completely. [ 1 ] When blood pressure falls below critical closing pressure, the vessel is unable to overcome external pressure (either from environment or vascular smooth muscle) and flow stops.
The tube visible at the bottom is the aortic cannula (returns blood from the HLM). The tube above it (obscured by the surgeon on the right) is the venous cannula (receives blood from the body). The patient's heart is stopped and the aorta is cross-clamped. The patient's head (not seen) is at the bottom.