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Shade-grown coffee, a form of polyculture (an example of sustainable agriculture) in imitation of natural ecosystems. Trees provide resources for the coffee plants such as shade, nutrients, and soil structure; the farmers harvest coffee and timber.
Conservation agriculture (CA) can be defined by a statement given by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as "Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a farming system that can prevent losses of arable land while regenerating degraded lands.It promotes minimum soil disturbance (i.e. no-till farming), maintenance of a permanent soil cover, and diversification of plant species.
Regenerative agriculture is a conservation and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems. It focuses on topsoil regeneration, increasing biodiversity, [1] improving the water cycle, [2] enhancing ecosystem services, supporting biosequestration, [3] increasing resilience to climate change, and strengthening the health and vitality of farm soil.
Some of the solutions are: Reduction of stormwater run-off through the use of bio-swales, rain gardens and green roofs and walls. [5] [6] [7]Reduction of water use in landscapes through design of water-wise garden techniques (sometimes known as xeriscaping) [8] [9] [10] [11]
Ploughing with a buffalo, Hubei. Farming in China has always been very labor-intensive.However, throughout its history, various methods have been developed or imported that enabled greater farming production and efficiency.
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917. Photograph by Alfred Stieglitz Robert Rauschenberg, Portrait of Iris Clert 1961 Art & Language, Art-Language Vol. 3 Nr. 1, 1974. Conceptual art, also referred to as conceptualism, is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work are prioritized equally to or more than traditional aesthetic, technical, and material concerns.
The greenhouse effect on Earth is defined as: "The infrared radiative effect of all infrared absorbing constituents in the atmosphere.Greenhouse gases (GHGs), clouds, and some aerosols absorb terrestrial radiation emitted by the Earth's surface and elsewhere in the atmosphere."
Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions. [1] It has applications in many fields of social science, and is used extensively in economics, logic, systems science and computer science. [2]