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The echotexture of the normal thyroid is usually homogeneous and bright. A thyroid nodule is defined as a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that is ultrasonographically distinct from the surrounding thyroid parenchyma [ 12 ].
Nodules were stratified according to the echotexture (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous) and degree of hypoechogenicity (mild, moderate, or marked).
If you have symptoms of a heterogeneous thyroid, the first step is to be evaluated by an ENT doctor or an endocrinologist, an expert in the study of your body’s hormones. The doctor will check your thyroid levels and perform a thyroid ultrasound.
Heterogeneous echogenicity of the thyroid gland is a non-specific finding and is associated with conditions diffusely affecting the thyroid gland. These include: Hashimoto thyroiditis. Graves disease. The presence of heterogenous thyroid echogenicity may reduce sensitivity of detection of thyroid nodules.
The thyroid gland is slightly more echo-dense than the adjacent structures because of its high iodine content. The thyroid gland has homogenous ground glass appearance. There are frequently 1-2 mm echo-free zones on the surface and within the thyroid gland that represent blood vessels.
A heterogeneous thyroid gland is a condition where the thyroid appears to have varying textures or densities. It can be caused by factors like inflammation, nodules, cysts, or goiter. Accurate imaging is crucial for diagnosis and creating a tailored treatment plan.
On US, a change in the underlying thyroid echotexture involving diffuse thyroid glands can help guide the diagnosis of DTD [1, 25, 26]. Characteristic US features of HT consist of numerous tiny hypoechoic nodulations or diffuse homogeneous hypoechogenicity with echogenic fibrous bands [1–4].
Results: A standardized US report should always document position, extracapsular relationships, number, and the following characteristics of each thyroid lesion: shape, internal content, echogenicity, echotexture, presence of calcifications, margins, vascularity, and size.
Transverse gray-scale ultrasound neck (a) demonstrates diffuse enlargement of thyroid gland with heterogeneous echotexture. Multiple tiny and discrete hypoechoic nodules (micronodules, arrows) and few linear echogenic septae (arrowhead) are also noted.
On US, thyroid nodules are depicted as discrete lesions, as they cause distortion of the homogeneous echo pattern of the thyroid gland . There are various characteristics on US that help to distinguish benign from malignant nodules.