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As its alternate name (5-methyluracil) suggests, thymine may be derived by methylation of uracil at the 5th carbon. In RNA, thymine is replaced with uracil in most cases. In DNA, thymine (T) binds to adenine (A) via two hydrogen bonds, thereby stabilizing the nucleic acid structures.
The amide tautomer is referred to as the lactam structure, while the imidic acid tautomer is referred to as the lactim structure. These tautomeric forms are predominant at pH 7. The lactam structure is the most common form of uracil. Uracil tautomers: Amide or lactam structure (left) and imide or lactim structure (right)
The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyl-transferase. Other names in common use include (FADH2-oxidizing) , folate-dependent ribothymidyl synthase , methylenetetrahydrofolate-transfer ribonucleate uracil , 5-methyltransferase , 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:tRNA-UPsiC , and (uracil-5 ...
Thymine and uracil are distinguished by merely the presence or absence of a methyl group on the fifth carbon (C5) of these heterocyclic six-membered rings. [2] [page needed] In addition, some viruses have aminoadenine (Z) instead of adenine. It differs in having an extra amine group, creating a more stable bond to thymine. [3]
[4] [5] A structure was proposed in 1903, and was synthesized (and thus confirmed) in the laboratory in the same year. In 1998, cytosine was used in an early demonstration of quantum information processing when Oxford University researchers implemented the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm on a two qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer ...
Methylation of cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine occurs at the same 5 position on the pyrimidine ring where the DNA base thymine's methyl group is located; the same position distinguishes thymine from the analogous RNA base uracil, which has no methyl group. Spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine converts it to thymine. This results in a T ...
In enzymology, a tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.35) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing uridine at position 54 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing ribothymidine at position 54
DNA methylation is the addition of a methyl group to the DNA that happens at cytosine. The image shows a cytosine single ring base and a methyl group added on to the 5 carbon. In mammals, DNA methylation occurs almost exclusively at a cytosine that is followed by a guanine.