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Any shift that incorporates more continuous hours, requires more consecutive days of work, or requires work during the evening should be considered extended or unusual. Extended shifts may be used to maximize scarce resources.
Shift workers may be scheduled to work days, evenings, nights and/or on a rotating or on-call basis. They may work extended shifts (more than 8 hours long), rotating or irregular shifts, or consecutive shifts resulting in more than the typical 40-hour work week.
Worker fatigue increases the risk for illnesses and injuries. Accident and injury rates 1 are 18% greater during evening shifts and 30% greater during night shifts when compared to day shifts. Reseach indicates that working 12 hours per day is associated with a 37% increased risk of injury 2.
Specifically, you request that OSHA review its enforcement guidance concerning the adjustment of noise exposures as an 8-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) and OSHA’s permissible exposure limit (PEL) for noise during extended workshifts.
Some federal agencies and states have laws restricting the number of hours a worker can be on the job. These resources can assist your company in developing guidelines for work hours and for a Fatigue Risk Management Program.
Limitations on Work Hours. The Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care Personnel Enhancement Act of 2004 encourages the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to limit work hours of nurses providing direct patient care in excess of 12 consecutive hours or more than 60 hours in any 7-day period, except in the case of nurses providing emergency care.
I. Computation of Employee Noise Exposure. (1) Noise dose is computed using Table G-16a as follows: (i) When the sound level, L, is constant over the entire work shift, the noise dose, D, in percent, is given by: D=100 C/T where C is the total length of the work day, in hours, and T is the reference duration corresponding to the measured sound ...
Noise hazards are addressed in OSHA standards for recordkeeping and general industry. This section highlights OSHA standards and documents related to noise. For information on construction employment, see the construction requirements section.
OSHA sets legal limits on noise exposure in the workplace. These limits are based on a worker's time weighted average over an 8 hour day. With noise, OSHA's permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 90 dBA for all workers for an 8 hour day. The OSHA standard uses a 5 dBA exchange rate.
During an 8-hour work shift, an employee may be exposed to a concentration of Substance A (with a 10 ppm TWA, 25 ppm ceiling and 50 ppm peak) above 25 ppm (but never above 50 ppm) only for a maximum period of 10 minutes.