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In organic chemistry, alkynylation is an addition reaction in which a terminal alkyne (−C≡CH) is added to a carbonyl group (C=O) to form an α-alkynyl alcohol (R 2 C(−OH)−C≡C−R). [1] [2] When the acetylide is formed from acetylene (HC≡CH), the reaction gives an α-ethynyl alcohol. This process is often referred to as ethynylation.
In organic synthesis, the complex diethylaniline·borane (DEANB) is used as a reducing agent. [4] Diethylaniline and dimethylaniline are both used as acid-absorbing bases. The advantage to the diethyl derivative is that [C 6 H 5 NEt 2 H]Cl is non-hygroscopic, in contrast to [C 6 H 5 NMe 2 H]Cl. [5]
2-Ethylanthraquinone is prepared from the reaction of phthalic anhydride and ethylbenzene: C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 O + C 6 H 5 Et → C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 C 6 H 3 Et + H 2 O. Both phthalic anhydride and ethylbenzene are readily available, being otherwise used in the large-scale production of plastics.
Ethylamine is used as a precursor chemical along with benzonitrile (as opposed to o-chlorobenzonitrile and methylamine in ketamine synthesis) in the clandestine synthesis of cyclidine dissociative anesthetic agents (the analogue of ketamine which is missing the 2-chloro group on the phenyl ring, and its N-ethyl analog) which are closely related ...
It has been reported that formate can be formed by the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 (in the form of bicarbonate) at a lead cathode at pH 8.6: [24] HCO − 3 + H 2 O + 2e − → HCO − 2 + 2OH −. or CO 2 + H 2 O + 2e − → HCO − 2 + OH −. If the feed is CO 2 and oxygen is evolved at the anode, the total reaction is: CO 2 + OH − ...
A fluorous technology was described by Curran [16] The fluorous synthesis employs functionalized perfluoroalkyl (Rf) groups like 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-Tridecafluorononyl {CF 3 (CF 2) 4 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2-} group attached to substrates or reagents. The Rf groups make it possible to remove either the product or the reagents from the reaction mixture.
In organic chemistry, the Mannich reaction is a three-component organic reaction that involves the amino alkylation of an acidic proton next to a carbonyl (C=O) functional group by formaldehyde (H−CHO) and a primary or secondary amine (−NH 2) or ammonia (NH 3). [1] The final product is a β-amino-carbonyl compound also known as a Mannich base.
The overall reaction type is a combination of both an addition reaction as well as a rearrangement reaction. This reaction was discovered by Max Conrad (1848–1920) and Leonhard Limpach (1852–1933) in 1887 while they were studying the synthesis of quinoline derivatives. [1] [2] The Conrad-Limpach synthesis