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Early symbols similar to the Chi Rho were the Staurogram and the IX monogram (). In pre-Christian times, the Chi-Rho symbol was also used to mark a particularly valuable or relevant passage in the margin of a page, abbreviating chrēston (good). [3] Some coins of Ptolemy III Euergetes (r. 246–222 BC) were marked with a Chi-Rho. [4]
Chrismon Chi-Rho symbol with Alpha and Omega on a 4th-century sarcophagus (Vatican Museums) A Christogram (Latin: Monogramma Christi) [a] is a monogram or combination of letters that forms an abbreviation for the name of Jesus Christ, traditionally used as a religious symbol within the Christian Church. One of the oldest Christograms is the Chi ...
The Chi-Rho, a monogram of the first two letters of the Greek word for Christ. A monogram is a motif made by overlapping or combining two or more letters or other graphemes to form one symbol. Monograms are often made by combining the initials of an individual or a company, used as recognizable symbols or logos.
The first cruciform monogram was used by Justinian I in the 560s. Tiberius III used a cruciform monogram with the letters R, M for Rome and T, B for Tiberius; Pope Gregory III used the letters G, R, E, O. [6] The earliest surviving Merovingian royal charters, dating to the 7th century, have the box monograms of Chlothar II and Clovis II. [7]
The Chi Rho is formed by superimposing the first two (capital) letters chi and rho (ΧΡ) of the Greek word "ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ", meaning Christ, in such a way to produce the monogram. Widespread in ancient Christianity, it was the symbol used by the Roman emperor Constantine I as vexillum (named Labarum ).
The labarum (Greek: λάβαρον or λάβουρον [2]) was a vexillum (military standard) that displayed the "Chi-Rho" symbol ☧, a christogram formed from the first two Greek letters of the word "Christ" (Greek: ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ, or Χριστός) – Chi (χ) and Rho (ρ). [3] It was first used by the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. [4]
Chrismon, the Chi Rho monogram; Signum manus or Chrismon, the medieval European practice of signing a document or charter with a special type of monogram or royal cypher; Chrismon, a type of Christmas decoration, such as a Chrismon tree; Chrismon, a German Lutheran magazine
In Insular Gospel books, the initial Chi Rho monogram was enlarged and decorated. In the Book of Kells, this second beginning was given a decorative programme equal to those prefacing the Gospels, its Chi Rho monogram having grown to consume the entire page. [76] The letter chi dominates the page with one arm swooping across the majority of the ...