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Also playing a major role in consolidating and standardizing the Punjabi language, it served as the main medium of literacy in Punjab and adjoining areas for centuries when the earliest schools were attached to gurdwaras. [22] The first natively produced grammars of the Punjabi language were written in the 1860s in Gurmukhi. [33]
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁੱਖ਼ੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
Punjabi literature, specifically literary works written in the Punjabi language, is characteristic of the historical Punjab of present-day Pakistan and India and the Punjabi diaspora. The Punjabi language is written in several scripts, of which the Shahmukhi and Gurmukhī scripts are the most commonly used in Western Punjab and Eastern Punjab ...
A Punjabi-language Quran, written with the Gurmukhi script, has been found in the village of Lande, in the Moga district of Punjab State.It is believed to be the oldest Quran in this script, at around 115 years old.
Hindi-Punjabi Kosh (Patiala, 1953) – a Hindi-Punjabi dictionary that was compiled by Sant Indar Singh Chakarvarti and published by the Punjabi Department, PEPSU, Patiala (now called the Languages Department of the Punjab Government). [6] It contains 862 large-sized, double-columned pages that provide Punjabi translations for 60,000 Hindi ...
Being the official script for Hindi, Devanagari is officially used in the Union Government of India as well as several Indian states where Hindi is an official language, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, and the Indian union territories of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Dadra and Nagar Haveli ...
The Mūl Mantar (Punjabi: ਮੂਲ ਮੰਤਰ, [muːlᵊ mən̪t̪əɾᵊ]) is the opening verse of the Sikh scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib. It consists of twelve words in the Punjabi language, written in Gurmukhi script, and are the most widely known among the Sikhs.
The British and Foreign Bible Society produced translations in Western Punjabi in Persian script and Roman script, and Eastern Punjabi in Gurmukhi script. The Western Punjabi Persian script New Testament of 1912 was revised in 1952 and some books of the Old Testament were published in Persian script. Some books were also published in Roman ...