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Heat-expanded lightweight pebbles. Lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) or expanded clay (exclay) is a lightweight aggregate made by heating clay to around 1,200 °C (2,190 °F) in a rotary kiln. The heating process causes gases trapped in the clay to expand, forming thousands of small bubbles and giving the material a porous structure.
The expanded material is a brilliant white, due to the reflectivity of the trapped bubbles. Unexpanded ("raw") perlite has a bulk density around 1100 kg/m 3 (1.1 g/cm 3 ), while typical expanded perlite has a bulk density of about 30–150 kg/m 3 (0.03–0.150 g/cm 3 ).
Lightweight bricks (also called lightweight blocks) are made from expanded clay aggregate. Fired bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials, sometimes referred to as artificial stone, and have been used since c. 4000 BC.
Expanded clay aggregate – Lightweight aggregate made by heating clay at high temperature in a rotary kiln; Fireproofing – Rendering something (structures, materials, etc.) resistant to fire, or incombustible; Firestop – Seal around openings in a fire-resistance-rated wall or floor; List of minerals – List of minerals with Wikipedia articles
Aerated concrete produced by the addition of an air-entraining agent to the concrete (or a lightweight aggregate such as expanded clay aggregate or cork granules and vermiculite) is sometimes called cellular concrete, lightweight aerated concrete, variable density concrete, Foam Concrete and lightweight or ultra-lightweight concrete, [17] [18 ...
Expansive clay is a clay soil that is prone to large volume changes (swelling and shrinking) that are directly related to changes in water content. [1] Soils with a high content of expansive minerals can form deep cracks in drier seasons or years; such soils are called vertisols.
In Europe, sizing ranges are specified as d/D, where the d shows the smallest and D shows the largest square mesh grating that the particles can pass. Application-specific preferred sizings are covered in European Standard EN 13043 for road construction, EN 13383 for larger armour stone, EN 12620 for concrete aggregate, EN 13242 for base layers of road construction, and EN 13450 for railway ...
Foam glass or expanded glass is a porous glass foam material. It is used as a light weight, moisture- and fireproof building material with thermal and acoustic insulating properties. It is made by heating a mixture of crushed or granulated glass and a blowing agent (chemical foaming agent ), often carbon or carbonates such as limestone .