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The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 provides for the establishment of protected areas in India. [1] Wildlife sanctuaries of India are classified as IUCN Category IV protected areas. As of November 2023, 573 wildlife sanctuaries have been established, covering 122,564.86 km 2 (47,322.56 sq mi). [2]
In 1970, India had only five national parks. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger in 1973 to safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant species and currently, there are 106 national parks in India. Further legislation strengthening protection for wildlife was introduced in the 1980s.
There are six national parks with a total area of 558.16 km 2 (215.51 sq mi). There are fourteen wildlife sanctuaries with a total area of 1,891.07 km 2 (730.15 sq mi). Together the protected area totals 2,449.23 km 2 (945.65 sq mi), which cover 23.7% of the total forest area and 6.3% of the geographical area of Kerala State.
Tiger reserves consist of areas under national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. There are 53 tiger reserves in India. [ 1 ] As of January 2023, [update] the protected areas of India cover 173,629.52 square kilometres (67,038.73 sq mi), roughly 5.28% of the total geographical area of the country.
One of India's premier Tiger Reserves Nallamala Hills: Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh (South of River Krishna) [1] Namdapha National Park: Arunachal Pradesh: 1985 km 2: Fourth largest national park in India. Nanmangalam forest: Chennai, Tamil Nadu 24 km 2: The reserve forest area is 3.2 km 2: Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary: Goa 211 km 2: New ...
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Wildlife Institute of India webpage on India's Biosphere Reserves at archive.today (archived 9 May 2004) United Nations List of National Parks and Protected Areas: India (1993) at the Library of Congress Web Archives (archived 25 November 2001) Ministry of Environment and Forests
Grazing of livestock can be permitted inside a Sanctuary but not inside a National Park. A Sanctuary can be upgraded as a National Park. However a National Park cannot be downgraded as a Sanctuary. Wildlife National Parks, Sanctuaries and Conservation areas must remain free of roads, buildings, motorized equipment and mechanical transport. [2]