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The main structure of chemical names according to IUPAC nomenclature. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has published four sets of rules to standardize chemical nomenclature. There are two main areas: IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry (Red Book) IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry (Blue Book)
The main purpose of chemical nomenclature is to disambiguate the spoken or written names of chemical compounds: each name should refer to one compound. Secondarily, each compound should have only one name, although in some cases some alternative names are accepted. Preferably, the name should also represent the structure or chemistry of a compound.
In chemistry, a retained name is a name for a chemical compound, that is recommended for use by a system of chemical nomenclature (for example, IUPAC nomenclature), but that is not exactly systematic. [1] [2] Retained names are often used for the most fundamental parts of a nomenclature system: almost all the chemical elements have retained ...
Ligands may bridge two or more centres. The prefix μ is used to specify a bridging ligand in both the formula and the name. For example the dimeric form of aluminium trichloride: Al 2 Cl 4 (μ-Cl) 2 di-μ-chlorido-tetrachlorido-1κ 2 Cl,2κ 2 Cl-dialuminium. This example illustrates the ordering of bridging and non bridging ligands of the same ...
A preferred IUPAC name or PIN is a name that is preferred among two or more IUPAC names. An IUPAC name is a systematic name that meets the recommended IUPAC rules. IUPAC names include retained names. A general IUPAC name is any IUPAC name that is not a "preferred IUPAC name". A retained name is a traditional or otherwise often used name ...
For example, NaC 6 H 5 CO 2, the sodium salt of benzoic acid (C 6 H 5 COOH), is called sodium benzoate. Where an acid has both a systematic and a common name (like CH 3 COOH, for example, which is known as both acetic acid and as ethanoic acid), its salts can be named from either parent name.
For isotopes of undiscovered elements, either systematic names (e.g. 296 Uue) or atomic numbers (e.g. 296 119) are acceptable for the symbols, but only the systematic names can be used for the full names (e.g. ununennium-296, not element 119-296 which nobody uses).
Chemical substance – Form of matter; Inorganic compounds by element; List of alloys; List of alkanes; List of elements by name; List of minerals – List of minerals with Wikipedia articles; List of alchemical substances; Polyatomic ion – Ion containing two or more atoms; Exotic molecules – Atoms composed of exotic particles can form ...