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A motor nerve, or efferent nerve, is a nerve that contains exclusively efferent nerve fibers and transmits motor signals from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles of the body. This is different from the motor neuron , which includes a cell body and branching of dendrites, while the nerve is made up of a bundle of axons.
A motor neuron (or motoneuron or efferent neuron [1]) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon (fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands. [2]
The motor neuron is present in the grey matter of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata, and forms an electrochemical pathway to the effector organ or muscle. Besides motor nerves, there are efferent sensory nerves that often serve to adjust the sensitivity of the signal relayed by the afferent sensory nerve. [citation needed]
General visceral efferent fibers (GVE), visceral efferents or autonomic efferents are the efferent nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system (also known as the visceral efferent nervous system) that provide motor innervation to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands (contrast with special visceral efferent (SVE) fibers) through postganglionic varicosities.
In physiology, an efference copy or efferent copy is an internal copy of an outflowing (), movement-producing signal generated by an organism's motor system. [1] It can be collated with the (reafferent) sensory input that results from the agent's movement, enabling a comparison of actual movement with desired movement, and a shielding of perception from particular self-induced effects on the ...
The general (spinal) somatic efferent neurons (GSE, somatomotor, or somatic motor fibers) arise from motor neuron cell bodies in the ventral horns of the gray matter within the spinal cord. They exit the spinal cord through the ventral roots , carrying motor impulses to skeletal muscle through a neuromuscular junction .
The somatic nervous system consists of nerves carrying afferent nerve fibers, which relay sensation from the body to the central nervous system (CNS), and nerves carrying efferent nerve fibers, which relay motor commands from the CNS to stimulate muscle contraction. [3]
A mixed nerve is any nerve that contains both sensory and motor nerve fibers. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] All 31 pairs of spinal nerves are mixed nerves. [ 3 ] Four of the twelve cranial nerves – V , VII , IX and X are mixed nerves.