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Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight.Birds have a light skeletal system and light but powerful musculature which, along with circulatory and respiratory systems capable of very high metabolic rates and oxygen supply, permit the bird to fly.
Diagram showing the general layout of air sacs in a bird. Birds have a system of air sacs in their ventilation system. [2] The air sacs work to produce a unidirectional flow where air enters and exits the lung at the same rate, contrasting the lungs of other tetrapods such as mammals where air enters and exits the lung in a tidal ventilation.
Most major bird bones are extensively pneumatized. They contain many air pockets connected to the pulmonary air sacs of the respiratory system. [13] Their spongy interior makes them strong relative to their mass. [2] [7] The number of pneumatic bones depends on the species; pneumaticity is slight or absent in diving birds. [14]
The bird retina has a fan shaped blood supply system called the pecten. [ 78 ] Eyes of most birds are large, not very round and capable of only limited movement in the orbits, [ 78 ] typically 10–20°. [ 123 ]
The bones of three fingers are preserved in the bird wing. The question of which fingers they are has been discussed for about 150 years, and an extensive literature is devoted to it. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The anatomical, paleontological, and molecular data suggests that these are fingers 1–3, but embryological data suggests that these are actually ...
Together this system acts as an integrated muscular system that properly positions the feather tracts on the body of the bird. subcutaneous hydraulic skeletal system; This functional component of avian skin consists of the fat bodies of the fascia superficialis and Fascia subcutanea.
The remains were found in a remote area of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge near Willard Bay at 10:45 a.m. Saturday, March 30, the Box Elder County Sheriff’s Office said in a news release.
This stylised bird skeleton highlights the synsacrum Synsacrum of an unidentified bird. The synsacrum is a skeletal structure of birds and other dinosaurs, in which the sacrum is extended by incorporation of additional fused or partially fused caudal or lumbar vertebrae. This structure can only be seen in birds.