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Normally, hurricanes and tropical storms lose strength when they make landfall, but when the brown ocean effect is in play, tropical cyclones maintain strength or even intensify over land surfaces. [1] Australia is the most conducive environment for this effect, where such storm systems are called agukabams. [2]
The strongest hurricane on record to make landfall in Canada was Hurricane Ginny, which made landfall in October 1963 as a high-end category 2 hurricane with winds of 175 km/h (109 mph). [271] Hurricane Luis produced a 30 m (98 ft) wave in Canadian waters, which is the largest wave recorded from a tropical cyclone on record.
Shipwrecks are common with the passage of strong tropical cyclones. Such shipwrecks can change the course of history, [7] as well as influence art and literature. A hurricane led to a victory of the Spanish over the French for control of Fort Caroline, and ultimately the Atlantic coast of North America, in 1565. [8]
These hurricanes have speeds starting at about 111 - 129 mph. Hurricane Dorian, a category 5 hurricane in 2019 had speeds of 185 mph. Convection: A fancy way to describe a thunderstorm formation.
Depth of 26 °C isotherm on October 1, 2006. There are six main requirements for tropical cyclogenesis: sufficiently warm sea surface temperatures, atmospheric instability, high humidity in the lower to middle levels of the troposphere, enough Coriolis force to sustain a low-pressure center, a preexisting low-level focus or disturbance, and low vertical wind shear. [3]
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Hurricanes were named as early as the 19th century in the West Indies and were used commonly in the 1950s, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Hurricane Center.
September 23, 2005 – Hurricane Rita makes landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on the border between Louisiana and Texas on September 23. [105] In preparation for its landfall, the largest evacuation in United States history takes place, with over 3 million people evacuating inland. [106]