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The Second Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid industrial development, primarily in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States, but also in France, the Low Countries, Italy and Japan. It followed on from the First Industrial Revolution that began in Britain in the late 18th century that then spread throughout Western Europe.
Belgium was the first country in continental Europe to experience the Industrial Revolution, and was the most intensively industrialized country in the world throughout most of the period. [88] [89] Belgium industrialized rapidly over the 19th century, with a focus on iron, coal and textile production. [90]
Nevertheless, Belgium was the second country, after Britain, in which the industrial revolution took place. It developed into an open economy focused on industrial exports with strong ties between the banking sector and industry. [54] Industrialization took place in Wallonia starting in the mid-1820s, and especially after 1830. The availability ...
Even if Belgium is the second industrial country after Britain, the effect of the industrial revolution there was very different. In 'Breaking stereotypes', Muriel Neven and Isabelle Devious say: The Industrial Revolution changed a mainly rural society into an urban one, but with a strong contrast between northern and southern Belgium.
Following the Belgian Revolution of 1830, when Belgium split from the Netherlands, Belgium became a key site of railway development.In 1831, a proposal to build a railway between Antwerp and Cologne (in neighbouring Prussia) which would link the industrializing Ruhr and Meuse valleys with the ports of the Scheldt was considered by the Chamber of Representatives but was eventually rejected.
As early as 1830 a movement started for the reunification of Belgium and the Netherlands, called Orangism (after the Dutch royal color of orange), which was active in Flanders and Brussels. But industrial cities, like Liège, also had a strong Orangist faction. [25] The movement met with strong disapproval from the authorities.
Wallonia became the second industrial power of the world, in proportion to its territory and to its population. [citation needed] The Industrial Revolution in the Sillon industriel embraced four industrial basins: Borinage, La Louvière—called Centre, Charleroi and Liège, and a semi-industrial basin in Namur. [15]
Belgium was the first continental European country to undergo the Industrial Revolution, in the early 19th century. [127] Areas in Liège Province and around Charleroi rapidly developed mining and steelmaking, which flourished until the mid-20th century in the Sambre and Meuse valley and made Belgium one of the three most industrialized nations ...