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  2. Hidden file and hidden directory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_file_and_hidden...

    In computing, a hidden folder (sometimes hidden directory) or hidden file is a folder or file which filesystem utilities do not display by default when showing a directory listing. They are commonly used for storing user preferences or preserving the state of a utility and are frequently created implicitly by using various utilities.

  3. chmod - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chmod

    File-system permissions; chattr, the command used to change the attributes of a file or directory on Linux systems; chown, the command used to change the owner of a file or directory on Unix-like systems; chgrp, the command used to change the group of a file or directory on Unix-like systems

  4. File-system permissions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File-system_permissions

    The read permission grants the ability to read a file. When set for a directory, this permission grants the ability to read the names of files in the directory, but not to find out any further information about them such as contents, file type, size, ownership, permissions. The write permission grants the ability to modify a file. When set for ...

  5. Home directory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_directory

    A home directory is a file system directory on a multi-user operating system containing files for a given user of the system. The specifics of the home directory (such as its name and location) are defined by the operating system involved; for example, Linux / BSD systems use /home/ username or /usr/home/ username and Windows systems since Windows Vista use \Users\ username .

  6. Outline of Ubuntu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Ubuntu

    apropos — search the man page files (command names and their descriptions). find — find files; searches one or more directory trees of a file system, locates files based on some user-specified criteria and applies a user-specified action on each matched file.

  7. umask - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umask

    When a program creates a file, the file permissions are restricted by the mask. If the mask has a bit set to "1", then the corresponding initial file permission will be disabled. A bit set to "0" in the mask means that the corresponding permission will be determined by the program and the file system. In other words, the mask acts as a last ...

  8. tree (command) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_(command)

    In computing, tree is a recursive directory listing command or program that produces a depth-indented listing of files. Originating in PC- and MS-DOS , it is found in Digital Research FlexOS , [ 1 ] IBM / Toshiba 4690 OS , [ 2 ] PTS-DOS , [ 3 ] FreeDOS , [ 4 ] IBM OS/2 , [ 5 ] Microsoft Windows , [ 6 ] and ReactOS .

  9. inode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inode

    Each file is associated with an inode, which is identified by an integer, often referred to as an i-number or inode number. Inodes store information about files and directories (folders), such as file ownership, access mode (read, write, execute permissions), and file type.