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The Red Army Faction (German: Rote Armee Fraktion, pronounced [ˌʁoːtə ʔaʁˈmeː fʁakˌtsi̯oːn] ⓘ; RAF [ˌɛʁʔaːˈʔɛf] ⓘ), [a] also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (German: Baader-Meinhof-Gruppe Baader-Meinhof-Bande [ˈbaːdɐ ˈmaɪnhɔf ˈɡʁʊpə] ⓘ), was a West German far-left militant group founded in 1970 and active until 1998.
The RAF was founded in 1970 by Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Ulrike Meinhof, Horst Mahler, and others. [1] The first generation of the organization was commonly referred to by the press and the government as the "Baader-Meinhof Gang", a name the group did not use to refer to itself. [2]
Herbert Schoner [2] German police officer 22 December 1971 Kaiserslautern: Paul A. Bloomquist [3] US Army soldier 11 May 1972 Frankfurt am Main: Gerta Buddenberg [4] (survived) spouse of Federal Judge 16 May 1972 Karlsruhe: Ronald A. Woodward [5] US Army soldier 24 May 1972 Heidelberg: Charles L. Peck [5] US Army soldier 24 May 1972 Clyde R ...
Later, Goergens looked after Meinhof's daughters as a nanny. In 1970 Goergens joined the Baader-Meinhof-Gruppe, which carried out terrorist attacks from 1971 as the Rote Armee Fraktion (known in English as the Red Army Faction). Goergens played a decisive role in Andreas Baader's escape from custody on 14 May 1970. [5]
In 1967, a visit by the Shah of Iran to West Berlin leads to a clash between the West German student movement and German police. In the chaos, unarmed protestor Benno Ohnesorg is fatally shot by policeman Karl-Heinz Kurras, outraging the West German public, including left-wing journalist Ulrike Meinhof, who claims in a televised debate that West Germany is a fascist police state.
Stammheim – Die Baader-Meinhof-Gruppe vor Gericht ("Stammheim – The Baader-Meinhof Gang on Trial") (1986) a film directed by Reinhard Hauff; with Ulrich Tukur in the role of Andreas Baader; after the book by Stefan Aust. It won the Golden Bear at the 1986 Berlin Film Festival.
Stammheim – Die Baader-Meinhof-Gruppe vor Gericht (Stammheim – The Baader-Meinhof Gang on Trial) is a 1986 West German film directed by Reinhard Hauff. It tells the story of the trial in the court of Stammheim Prison of the left-wing Baader-Meinhof Group.
[1] [2] Although living in East Berlin, he went to West Berlin when the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, and stayed there, living with his uncle and aunt. He co-founded Kommune II in 1967 [3] and joined the Red Army Faction, also known as the "Baader-Meinhof Group", in 1970. [4]