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  2. Order of acquisition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_acquisition

    The order of acquisition is a concept in language acquisition describing the specific order in which all language learners acquire the grammatical features of their first language (L1). This concept is based on the observation that all children acquire their first language in a fixed, universal order, regardless of the specific grammatical ...

  3. Language immersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_immersion

    Bilingual education has taken on a variety of different approaches outside the traditional sink-or-swim model of full submersion in an L2 without assistance in the L1. . According to the Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL), in 1971, there were only three immersion programs within the United S

  4. Language education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_education

    Language education refers to the processes and practices of teaching a second or foreign language. ... L1: first language, native language, mother tongue; L2: ...

  5. First language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language

    A first language (L1), native language, native tongue, or mother tongue is the first language a person has been exposed to from birth [1] or within the critical period. In some countries, the term native language or mother tongue refers to the language of one's ethnic group rather than the individual's actual first language. Generally, to state ...

  6. Language transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_transfer

    Language transfer (also known as L1 interference, linguistic interference, and crosslinguistic influence) is most commonly discussed in the context of English language learning and teaching, but it can occur in any situation when someone does not have a native-level command of a language, as when translating into a second language.

  7. Second language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language

    The defining difference between a first language (L1) and a second language (L2) is the age the person learned the language. For example, linguist Eric Lenneberg used second language to mean a language consciously acquired or used by its speaker after puberty. In most cases, people never achieve the same level of fluency and comprehension in ...

  8. Second-language acquisition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-language_acquisition

    Second-language acquisition (SLA), sometimes called second-language learning—otherwise referred to as L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a language other than one's native language (L1).

  9. Language attrition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_attrition

    Language attrition is the process of decreasing proficiency in or losing a language. For first or native language attrition, this process is generally caused by both isolation from speakers of the first language ("L1") and the acquisition and use of a second language ("L2"), which interferes with the correct production and comprehension of the first.