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Maxillary artery; Sometimes accessory parotid glands are found as an anatomic variation. These are close to the main glands and consist of ectopic salivary gland tissue. [2] Capsule of parotid gland. A capsule of the parotid gland is formed from the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia. It is supplied by the great auricular nerve.
Lateral to the parapharyngeal space lies the parotid space, which contains the parotid gland, the external carotid artery and cranial nerve VII. [1] Although initial evaluation is typically by physical exam and endoscopy, follow up with CT and MRI usually is needed if surgical intervention is planned. [2]
The maxillary artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery, arises behind the neck of the mandible, and is at first imbedded in the substance of the parotid gland; it passes forward between the ramus of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament, and then runs, either superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle, to the pterygopalatine fossa.
The transverse facial artery is given off from the superficial temporal artery before that vessel leaves the parotid gland; running forward through the substance of the gland, it passes transversely across the side of the face, between the parotid duct and the lower border of the zygomatic arch, and divides into numerous branches, which supply the parotid gland and parotid duct, the masseter ...
The parotid duct lies close to the buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII). [2] It is also close to the transverse facial artery. [2] Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery, and the upper buccal nerve. The lower buccal nerve runs inferiorly along the duct. [citation needed]
The external carotid artery is the major artery of the head and upper neck. It arises from the common carotid artery . It terminates by splitting into the superficial temporal and maxillary artery within the parotid gland .
The auriculotemporal nerve is a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V 3) that runs with the superficial temporal artery and vein, and provides sensory innervation to parts of the external ear, scalp, and temporomandibular joint. The nerve also conveys post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland. [1]
It descends inside parotid gland, [1] [4] superficial to the external carotid artery (but beneath the facial nerve), [4] between the sternocleidomastoideus muscle and ramus of mandible. [citation needed] It emerges from the parotid gland inferiorly, then immediately divides into two branches: [1]