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However, continuing resistance to Reconstruction by Southern whites and its high cost contributed to its losing support in the North during the Grant administration. The 1876 presidential election was marked by widespread Black voter suppression in the South, and the result was close and contested.
The Reconstruction era in the state of South Carolina after the American Civil War featured involvement of both scalawags and newly freed African American slaves. Land ownership was seen as an important aspect of freedom for African-Americans in South Carolina and the South Carolina Land Commission was created during the 1868 South Carolina Constitutional Convention. [1]
The Mississippi Plan of 1874–1875 was developed by white Southern Democrats as part of the white insurgency during the Reconstruction era in the Southern United States.It was devised by the Democratic Party in that state to overthrow the Republican Party in Mississippi by means of organized threats of violence and voter suppression against African American citizens and white Republican ...
Hurrah for Hampton!: Black Red Shirts in South Carolina during Reconstruction. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1-55728-541-1. Edgar, Walter (1998). South Carolina A History. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 1-57003-255-6. Reynolds, John S. (1969). Reconstruction in South Carolina. Negro University Press. ISBN 0-8371-1638-4.
In the South, during Reconstruction the White Republican element, called "Scalawags" became smaller and smaller as more and more joined the Democrats. In the North, most War Democrats returned to the Democrats, and when the " Panic of 1873 " hit, the Republican Party was blamed and the Democrats gained control of the House of Representatives in ...
During Reconstruction, these terms were replaced by "scalawag" (or "scallywag"), which covered all Southern whites who supported the Republican Party. Tennessee (especially East Tennessee ), North Carolina , and Virginia (which included West Virginia at that time) were home to the largest populations of Unionists.
During the period of disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era, mainly the years 1890–1907, white Democrats passed new state constitutions and state laws, and used informal local practices across the South to prevent African American citizens from registering to vote and voting. States became one-party Democratic bastions in which the ...
Jonathan Wiener studied the census data on plantations in black-belt counties, 1850–70, and found that the War did not drastically alter the responsibilities and roles of women. The age of the groom went up as younger women married older planters, and birth rates dropped sharply during 1863-68 during Reconstruction. However he finds that ...